What Are Bitcoin Ordinals? Complete Guide 2026

Published February 27, 2026 · by SpunkArt · 12 min read

Table of Contents

1. What Are Bitcoin Ordinals?

Bitcoin Ordinals are a system for numbering and tracking individual satoshis — the smallest unit of Bitcoin (1 BTC = 100,000,000 satoshis). Created by Casey Rodarmor and launched in January 2023, the Ordinals protocol assigns a unique serial number to every single satoshi based on the order in which it was mined. This numbering system is called "ordinal theory."

What makes Ordinals revolutionary is the ability to attach data — images, text, audio, video, HTML, or even entire applications — directly to these numbered satoshis. This attached data is called an inscription. When you inscribe data onto a satoshi, that data becomes permanently embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain itself. Not on a sidechain. Not on a separate server. On Bitcoin, forever.

This is fundamentally different from how NFTs work on Ethereum and other blockchains, where the artwork or data is typically stored off-chain (on IPFS, Arweave, or sometimes just a regular web server) and the token on the blockchain merely points to that external location. With Ordinals, the data lives on-chain, secured by the full hash power of the Bitcoin network.

Key Concept

Think of it this way: every satoshi that has ever been mined has a unique serial number. Ordinal theory tracks these numbers as satoshis move from transaction to transaction. When you "inscribe" a satoshi, you permanently attach a piece of data to that specific numbered satoshi. The inscription travels with the satoshi wherever it goes, forever stored on the Bitcoin blockchain.

As of early 2026, over 75 million inscriptions have been created on Bitcoin. The Ordinals ecosystem has grown from a niche experiment into a thriving digital art and collectibles market worth billions of dollars in total trading volume. Collections like Ordinal Punks, Bitcoin Puppets, NodeMonkes, and Quantum Cats have become highly sought-after digital assets.

2. How Do Ordinals Work? The Technical Explanation Made Simple

To understand Ordinals, you need to understand three concepts: ordinal numbering, inscription, and transfer.

Ordinal Numbering

Every satoshi ever created receives a sequential number based on when it was mined. The first satoshi in the first block (the genesis block, mined by Satoshi Nakamoto) is ordinal number 0. The second satoshi is ordinal number 1. And so on, up to the roughly 1.97 quadrillion satoshis that will ever exist when Bitcoin reaches its 21 million supply cap.

Ordinal numbers are assigned using a first-in, first-out (FIFO) scheme. When a Bitcoin transaction has inputs and outputs, the ordinal numbers from the inputs are assigned to the outputs in order. This means you can trace any specific satoshi from the moment it was mined through every transaction it has ever been part of.

Inscriptions: Writing Data to Bitcoin

Inscriptions use the Segregated Witness (SegWit) and Taproot upgrades that were added to Bitcoin in 2017 and 2021, respectively. Specifically, inscriptions are stored in the witness data portion of a Taproot transaction. The witness discount (where witness data costs only 1/4 as much as regular transaction data in terms of block weight) makes inscriptions economically feasible.

When you create an inscription, the data is serialized using a format similar to HTTP content types. The inscription includes a content type (like "image/png" or "text/html") and the actual content bytes. This data is embedded in the witness script of a Taproot spend, making it a permanent part of the Bitcoin blockchain.

The Two-Phase Commit Process

Creating an inscription requires two Bitcoin transactions:

  1. Commit transaction: This transaction creates a Taproot output that commits to a script containing the inscription data. At this stage, the data is not yet revealed on-chain.
  2. Reveal transaction: This transaction spends the commit output, revealing the inscription data in the witness. The inscription is now permanently recorded on the Bitcoin blockchain.

This two-phase process is necessary because of how Taproot scripts work. The commit transaction locks the funds to a script tree that includes the inscription, and the reveal transaction executes that script, making the data visible.

Size Limits

The maximum size of an inscription is limited by Bitcoin's block size. Since the witness discount gives witness data a 4:1 advantage, the practical limit is around 400KB for a single inscription (since a Bitcoin block is limited to 4MB of weight, and witness data in a single transaction can take up most of that). Most image inscriptions are between 10KB and 200KB. Some collections use recursive inscriptions (inscriptions that reference other inscriptions) to create complex content from smaller building blocks.

3. Ordinals vs. Traditional NFTs

While Ordinals are often called "Bitcoin NFTs," there are significant technical and philosophical differences between Ordinals and NFTs on chains like Ethereum, Solana, or Polygon.

FeatureBitcoin OrdinalsEthereum NFTs (ERC-721)
Data StorageFully on-chain (on Bitcoin)Usually off-chain (IPFS, Arweave, or web servers)
Smart ContractsNo smart contracts requiredRequires ERC-721 smart contract deployment
RoyaltiesNo enforced royalties at protocol levelMarketplace-dependent royalty enforcement
PermanencePermanent as long as Bitcoin existsDepends on external storage persistence
Network SecuritySecured by Bitcoin's hash rate (the highest in crypto)Secured by Ethereum's proof-of-stake validators
FungibilityEach satoshi is inherently fungible; ordinal theory adds identityEach token is natively non-fungible
Gas/Fee CostPay Bitcoin transaction fees (varies with network congestion)Pay Ethereum gas fees (varies with network congestion)
MetadataContent embedded directly in witness dataMetadata stored externally, URI points to it

The most important difference is permanence. When you own a Bitcoin Ordinal, the artwork or data is literally stored inside the Bitcoin blockchain. Even if every marketplace shuts down, every website goes offline, and every IPFS gateway stops operating, your inscription still exists on Bitcoin. The same cannot be said for most Ethereum NFTs, where the actual media files live on separate infrastructure that could theoretically disappear.

4. Types of Ordinal Inscriptions

Ordinals support a wide variety of content types, making them extremely versatile:

Image Inscriptions

The most common type. Supports PNG, JPEG, GIF, SVG, and WebP formats. Profile picture (PFP) collections, pixel art, generative art, and photography all exist as Ordinals. Popular collections include Ordinal Punks (among the earliest), Bitcoin Puppets, NodeMonkes, Ink, and many more.

Text Inscriptions

Plain text or JSON data inscribed on satoshis. This includes BRC-20 tokens (a fungible token standard built on top of Ordinals using JSON inscriptions), poems, messages, code snippets, and documentation.

HTML/JavaScript Inscriptions

Entire web pages or interactive applications inscribed on Bitcoin. Some artists have created fully interactive art pieces, games, and tools that run entirely from data stored on the Bitcoin blockchain. These can reference other inscriptions recursively to build complex applications from smaller components.

Audio and Video Inscriptions

Music, sound effects, and short video clips can be inscribed. File sizes are limited by block weight, so most audio/video inscriptions are short and compressed, but they are fully on-chain and permanent.

Recursive Inscriptions

Inscriptions that reference other inscriptions using a special syntax (/content/<inscription_id>). This allows complex content to be built from shared, reusable components. For example, a PFP collection might inscribe shared trait layers (backgrounds, bodies, accessories) as separate inscriptions, then create each unique PFP by combining references to those shared layers. This dramatically reduces the total on-chain data required.

The SpunkArt ME Collection

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5. How to Get Bitcoin Ordinals

There are several ways to acquire Bitcoin Ordinals in 2026:

Buy on Marketplaces

The most straightforward method. Major Ordinals marketplaces include Magic Eden (the largest by volume), OKX NFT Marketplace, Gamma.io, and OrdinalsWallet. You connect a Bitcoin wallet, browse collections, and purchase inscriptions using BTC. Prices range from a few thousand satoshis for common inscriptions to hundreds of BTC for rare, high-demand pieces.

Inscribe Your Own

You can create your own inscriptions using tools like Ord (the reference implementation), Unisat's inscription service, or various third-party inscription platforms. The cost depends on the size of the data you want to inscribe and current Bitcoin network fees. During low-fee periods, inscribing a small image might cost a few dollars in fees. During high-fee periods, it could cost significantly more.

Participate in Mints

Many Ordinals collections launch through a "minting" process where users pay a fixed price to receive a random inscription from the collection. Following Ordinals communities on X (Twitter), Discord, and dedicated calendars like OrdinalHub helps you stay aware of upcoming mints.

Receive as Gifts or Prizes

The growing Ordinals community regularly runs giveaways. Creators, marketplaces, and platforms give away inscriptions to promote their collections and build community engagement. SPUNK.BET gives away real Bitcoin Ordinals as prizes in tournaments and community events — completely free to enter.

6. How to Get Ordinals for Free

You do not need to spend money to start your Ordinals collection. Here are legitimate ways to get free Ordinals in 2026:

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7. Best Wallets for Bitcoin Ordinals in 2026

Not all Bitcoin wallets support Ordinals. You need a wallet that understands inscriptions and can prevent you from accidentally spending inscribed satoshis as regular transaction fees. Here are the best options in 2026:

WalletTypeKey FeaturesBest For
XverseBrowser extension + mobileNative Ordinals support, BRC-20 tokens, Runes, Stacks integrationAll-around best choice
UnisatBrowser extensionInscription creation, BRC-20 trading, marketplace integrationPower users and inscribers
Magic Eden WalletBrowser extensionSeamless marketplace integration, multi-chain supportTraders and collectors
Leather (Hiro)Browser extension + desktopOrdinals, Stacks NFTs, BTC, STX supportStacks ecosystem users
OKX WalletBrowser extension + mobileMulti-chain, built-in marketplace, DApp browserMulti-chain users
Important Safety Tip

Always use a dedicated Ordinals wallet or at least a separate address for your inscriptions. If you use a regular Bitcoin wallet that does not understand Ordinals, it might spend your inscribed satoshis as transaction fees, destroying your inscriptions permanently. Ordinals-aware wallets "freeze" inscribed satoshis to prevent this from happening.

8. Where to Buy, Sell, and Trade Ordinals

The Ordinals marketplace ecosystem has matured significantly since 2023. Here are the primary platforms for trading:

Magic Eden

The largest Ordinals marketplace by trading volume. Originally built for Solana NFTs, Magic Eden expanded to Bitcoin Ordinals in 2023 and quickly became the dominant platform. Features include collection pages, rarity tools, bidding, floor price tracking, and activity feeds. Supports both Ordinals and BRC-20 tokens.

OKX NFT Marketplace

Integrated into the OKX exchange and wallet ecosystem. Offers competitive fees, a large user base from the exchange side, and support for multiple chains including Bitcoin Ordinals. Particularly popular in Asian markets.

Gamma.io

An early mover in the Bitcoin NFT space (originally built for Stacks NFTs). Gamma offers inscription creation tools, a marketplace, and launchpad services for new collections. Known for its creator-friendly tools and clean interface.

OrdinalsWallet

A combined wallet and marketplace specifically built for Bitcoin Ordinals. Offers a streamlined experience for buying, selling, and managing inscriptions. Popular among users who prefer an all-in-one solution.

When buying Ordinals, always verify the inscription number and collection authenticity. Check that the inscription is from the official collection by comparing inscription numbers against the project's official list. Scam collections that copy popular artwork do exist, so verification is important.

9. The Future of Bitcoin Ordinals

The Ordinals ecosystem continues to evolve rapidly. Here are the key trends shaping its future in 2026 and beyond:

Recursive Inscriptions and Composability

Recursive inscriptions allow on-chain applications of increasing complexity. Developers are building fully on-chain games, generative art engines, and interactive experiences that reference shared libraries inscribed on Bitcoin. This composability layer is turning Bitcoin from a simple data store into a platform for permanent applications.

Integration with Runes Protocol

The Runes protocol (launched in April 2024 at the Bitcoin halving) introduced a more efficient fungible token standard on Bitcoin. The integration between Ordinals (non-fungible inscriptions) and Runes (fungible tokens) is creating a complete DeFi and digital asset ecosystem native to Bitcoin. Platforms like SPUNK.BET use Runes tokens (SPUNK*BET) for gaming while offering Ordinals as prizes, demonstrating how these protocols complement each other.

Metaprotocols and Standards

New standards and metaprotocols are being built on top of Ordinals to add features like collection grouping, parent-child relationships, provenance tracking, and more structured metadata. These improvements make the ecosystem more organized and user-friendly without requiring changes to Bitcoin itself.

Institutional Interest

As the Ordinals market has proven its staying power (surviving multiple hype cycles and bear markets), institutional collectors and funds have begun acquiring significant positions. The permanence and security guarantees of Bitcoin make Ordinals attractive to long-term digital art collectors and archivists.

The debate about whether Ordinals are "good" or "bad" for Bitcoin has largely settled. Ordinals drive transaction fee revenue for miners (important as block rewards decrease with each halving), bring new users and developers to the Bitcoin ecosystem, and demonstrate Bitcoin's versatility beyond simple value transfer. They are here to stay.

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10. Frequently Asked Questions

Are Bitcoin Ordinals the same as NFTs?

They serve a similar purpose (unique digital assets), but they are technically different. Ordinals inscribe data directly onto Bitcoin's blockchain in the witness data of Taproot transactions. Traditional NFTs (like ERC-721 on Ethereum) use smart contracts and typically store the actual media off-chain. Ordinals are fully on-chain, which means the data is permanent and does not depend on external servers or storage systems. In practical terms, Ordinals are "Bitcoin-native NFTs" with stronger permanence guarantees.

How much does it cost to create (inscribe) a Bitcoin Ordinal?

The cost depends on two factors: the size of the data you want to inscribe and the current Bitcoin network fee rate. A small text inscription (a few hundred bytes) might cost $1-5 during low-fee periods. A full-size image (50-200KB) might cost $10-50 during normal periods. During high-congestion periods (like around halvings or major events), fees can spike significantly higher. The inscription process requires two transactions (commit and reveal), so you pay fees for both. Tools like Unisat and Gamma provide fee estimates before you inscribe.

Can I lose my Ordinals if I send Bitcoin from my wallet?

Yes, this is a real risk if you use a wallet that does not understand Ordinals. Since inscriptions are attached to specific satoshis, if your wallet selects those satoshis as inputs for a regular Bitcoin transaction, the inscribed satoshis could be sent to someone else (or worse, spent as miner fees). Always use an Ordinals-aware wallet like Xverse, Unisat, or Magic Eden Wallet that "freezes" inscribed satoshis and prevents them from being accidentally spent.

Where can I get Bitcoin Ordinals for free?

Several options exist: (1) SPUNK.BET gives away real Bitcoin Ordinals from the SpunkArt ME collection as tournament and giveaway prizes. (2) Follow Ordinals artists and communities on X (Twitter) for regular giveaways. (3) Watch for free mint announcements on Ordinals Discord servers and mint calendars. (4) Some collections airdrop new inscriptions to holders of existing collections. (5) Contribute to Ordinals projects (bug reports, content creation, community moderation) for rewards. The easiest entry point is SPUNK.BET where you can play for free and win real inscriptions.

Will Bitcoin Ordinals exist forever?

As long as the Bitcoin blockchain exists, yes. Inscriptions are stored in the witness data of confirmed Bitcoin transactions. Once a transaction is confirmed and buried under subsequent blocks, it is a permanent part of Bitcoin's history. There is no mechanism to delete or alter confirmed blockchain data. Even if every Ordinals marketplace and tool disappeared tomorrow, the inscriptions would still exist on-chain and could be read by anyone running a Bitcoin node. This is the strongest permanence guarantee available in the digital world.

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